Critical metals refer to a group of elements that are essential for modern technology and industry, but are considered to have a high supply risk due to factors such as geopolitical instability, supply chain disruptions, or environmental concerns. These metals are used in a wide range of applications, including electronics, renewable energy technologies, and defense systems. Some examples of critical metals include rare earth elements, lithium, cobalt, and indium. Research in the field of critical metals focuses on identifying new sources of these metals, developing more sustainable extraction and recycling methods, and reducing dependency on a small number of suppliers. This research is important for ensuring a stable and secure supply of critical metals for future technological advancements and economic growth.